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humane education
Humane education is usually defined as the use of education to nurture compassion and respect for living things.〔Unti, B. & DeRosa, B. (2003). Humane education: Past, present, and future. In D. J. Salem & A. N. Rowam (Eds.), ''The State of the Animals II: 2003'' (pp. 27 – 50). Washington, D.C.: Humane Society Press〕〔Faver, C. A. (2010). School-based humane education as a strategy to prevent violence: Review and recommendations. ''Children & Youth Services Review'', ''32'', 365 – 370.〕 In addition to a traditional focus on the treatment of non-human animals, humane education also increasingly contains content related to the environment, the compassionate treatment of other people, and the interconnectedness of issues pertaining to people and the planet.〔Burnett, C. (2000). Humane education. ''Animals Today'', ''8'', 18.〕
==History==
Humane education as a discrete field of education was created in the late 1800s by individuals like George Angell as an attempt to prevent cruelty to animals before it started〔Preston, H. C. (1928). Milestones in humane education. ''Journal of Education'', ''107'', 181.〕 along with the formation of SPCAs, such as the Massachusetts SCPA and the ASPCA. The formation of humane education and animal protection/welfare organizations was associated with the expansion of women’s suffrage and the temperance movement, and many of those involved in creation and early advocacy of humane education also worked in those other areas of social change as well.〔 These early activists successfully advocated for the passage of laws supporting or even requiring the teaching of humane education in schools,〔 and many teachers did teach it.〔Morrill, W. M. (Nov. 11, 1920). Humane education and the teacher. ''Journal of Education'','' 100''(2), 462.〕 The animal welfare organizations also visited schools and other youth centers to teach “push-in” programs that supplemented—and possibly augmented—the children’s other education.
In addition to school-based programs and activities, humane education was initially conducted as well through Bands of Mercy; although these have been disbanded, humane education continues to be conducted in community-based settings. These include animal shelters, humane education centers and parks as well as, e.g., Boys and Girls Clubs, YWCAs and YMCAs, cultural and religious centers, etc.
Currently, humane education is primarily conducted by animal welfare organizations—such as the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)—and organizations that include humane education among their primary focuses—such as the Latham Foundation, Animal Hero Kids AnimalHeroKids.org, the Association of Professional Humane Educators (APHE), and International Network for Humane Education (InterNICHE).〔
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